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discrepancy theory
In mathematics, discrepancy theory describes the deviation of a situation from the state one would like it to be in. It is also called the ''theory of irregularities of distribution''. This refers to the theme of ''classical'' discrepancy theory, namely distributing points in some space such that they are evenly distributed with respect to some (mostly geometrically defined) subsets. The discrepancy (irregularity) measures how far a given distribution deviates from an ideal one.
Discrepancy theory can be described as the study of inevitable irregularities of distributions, in measure-theoretic and combinatorial settings. Just as Ramsey theory elucidates the impossibility of total disorder, discrepancy theory studies the deviations from total uniformity.
== History ==
* The 1916 paper of Weyl on the uniform distribution of sequences in the unit interval
* The theorem of van Aardenne-Ehrenfest
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